Hematopathological Patterns in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Complications of Overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Hematopathological Patterns in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Complications of Overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Blog Article
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) complicated Bar Tables by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) poses major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.While DIC is well documented in acute promyelocytic leukemia, its manifestations in non-APL AML remain underexplored, necessitating precise diagnostic strategies for effective management.Methods: AML patients with overt DIC were analyzed, including morphological, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and genetic evaluations.DIC was diagnosed using the ISTH scoring system, and AML subtypes were classified following WHO criteria.
Results: Three diagnostic patterns were identified.(1) Acute promyelocytic leukemia: Leukemia characterized by PML::RARa rearrangements, FLT3 co-mutations, and frequent Auer rods and faggot bundles.Immunocytological analysis showed CD34 and HLA-DR negativity.(2) AML with FLT3 and/or NPM1 mutations: A high prevalence of cup-like blasts was found in 70% of cases.
FLT3 mutations, often co-occurring with NPM1, dominated, while karyotypes were typically normal.Immunophenotyping revealed strong myeloid marker expression (MPO+, CD13+, and CD33+), with occasional CD34 negativity.(3) AML with monocytic differentiation: Leukemia defined by monoblastic/promonocytic morphology, DNMT3A mutations, and complex karyotypes or 11q23 rearrangements.Immunophenotyping demonstrated a dominance of monocytic markers (CD4+, CD14+, CD15+, and CD64+).
Two patients presented unique profiles with no alignment to these patterns.Conclusions: This study highlights distinct hematopathological patterns of AML with overt DIC, providing a framework for early and precise diagnosis.Recognizing these patterns Hose Joiner is critical for tailoring diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in this high-risk population.